SOCI232 - Sociology of Race and Ethnicity - Coole: Step 4

APA is the citation style of the American Psychological Association. It is most commonly used in the Social Sciences, Business, and Nursing.

APA citations usually follow this format:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of the work. Source where you can retrieve the work. URL or DOI if available

Basic Format:
(Author's Last Name(s) or Organization, Year).

You must also have a corresponding full citation in your references list.

Examples:

Jones (2015) writes that libraries are at the center of the college campus (p. 65).

or

Libraries are often considered to be at the heart of the college campus (Jones, 2015, p. 65).

or

"A focal point of the college campus is the library" (Jones, 2015, p. 65)

MLA is the citation style of the Modern Languages Association. It is most commonly used in English, the Arts, and Humanities.

MLA citations contain the following core elements that should be listed in the following order when you create a citation:

1. Author. Personal author(s). editor(s), corporate author, director
2. Title of source. Book title, article title, chapter title, title of TV episode, film title
3. Title of container, Book title, journal title, title of TV series
4. Contributors, Translators, performers
5. Version, Edition, abridged/unabridged, director's cut
6. Number, Volume and issue numbers, season and episode numbers
7. Publisher, Publishers, university presses, organizations, governments, production companies
8. Publication date, A source may sometimes have more than one date. Include the date for the source that you consulted and which is most relevant to your work.
9. Location. Page number(s), web address, DOI, stable URL, time on a recording, DVD disc number

MLA in-text citations include:

• The author(s) last name or a shortened title of the work if there is no author
• Page number for a direct quote or paraphrase

You must also have a corresponding citation in your works cited list.

Examples:

One Author

Author's last name and page number

(Jones 62)

No Author

Use a shortened title of the work

("Climate Change Today")

Two Authors

Connect both authors' last names with and, and include the page number

(Jones and Martinez 75)

Three or More Authors

Use the first author's last name and et al., and include the page number

(Jones et al. 23)